Midwest Invasive Plant List

Over 450 plant species are considered to be invasive, noxious, or pests by one or more jurisdictions in the Midwestern U.S. The following regional list compiles all the plant species regulated through state law and/or listed as invasive by a state agency or invasive plant council in the 10 states and provinces that MIPN serves. Click here to learn more about the risk assessment processes that are used to determine invasiveness.

The list is presented alphabetically by Latin name but is easily searchable by common or Latin name – just start typing in the search box! You can also sort the database by listing status by clicking the carrot next to each column header.

Links to the appropriate state laws or agency/plant council webpages are provided in the index below. If you are aware of an updated list or amended law, please help us keep this list up to date by emailing MIPN’s Coordinator at mipn@mortonarb.org.

Last updated January 2022. A 2024 update is underway. Please click here to download an Excel version of the most recent list.

Illinois Law

Aq = Aquatic Injurious Plant Species

N = Noxious weed

E = Exotic weed

Illinois list1

A = Severe threat

B = Significant threat

C = Lesser threat

 

Indiana Law

Pn = Prohibited noxious weed

Rn = Restricted noxious weed

R = Restricted plant

Pt = Prohibited terrestrial plant

PAq = Prohibited aquatic plant

Indiana List2

H = High invasive rank

M = Medium invasive rank

L = Low invasive rank

C = Caution species

 

Iowa Law

Pr = Primary noxious weed

S = Secondary noxious weed

Aq = Prohibited aquatic plant

Iowa List

A = General invasive plant list

Kentucky Law

Pn = Prohibited noxious weed seed

Rn = Restricted noxious weed seed

Kentucky List

A = Severe invasive threat

B = Significant invasive threat

C = Lesser invasive threat

 

Michigan Law

Pn = Prohibited noxious weed seed

Rn = Restricted noxious weed seed

P = Prohibited plant species

R = Restricted plant species

Michigan List

W = Watch List

 

Minnesota Law

MN Aquatic Plants

PAq = Prohibited aquatic plant

RAq = Restricted aquatic plant

MN Noxious weeds

E = Noxious weed, eradicate list

C = Noxious weed, control list

R = Noxious weed, restricted list

SR = Specially regulated plant

Minnesota List3

A = Established population (2019)

B = Present but not established (2019)

C = Not present, potentially invasive (2019)

U = Population status unknown

Missouri Law

A = Noxious weed

Missouri List4

A = Population > 1,000 in 1 or more of MO's natural divisions (2018)

B = Population 100 - 1,000 in 1 or more of MO's natural divisions (2018)

C = Population 10 - 100 in 1 or more of MO's natural divisions (2018)

D = Population <10 in 1 or more of MO's natural divisions (2018)

 

Ohio Law

P = Prohibited noxious weeds

R = Restricted invasive plants

Ohio List5

 

Ontario Law

N = Noxious Weed

P = Prohibited invasive Plant

R = Restricted invasive Plant

Ontario List6

A = Severe threat

B = Significant threat

C = Moderate threat

D = Lesser threat

W = Watch list

2024 Additions to Ontario Invasive Plant List

 

Wisconsin Law

N = Noxious Weed

P = Prohibited

R = Restricted

Wisconsin List

A = Invasive7

 

Plant Laws   Lists
Common Name Scientific Name IL IN IA MI MN MO OH WI KY ON   IL IN IA MI MN MO OH WI KY ON
velvetleaf Abutilon theophrasti S Rn   A A C
Amur maple Acer ginnala, Acer tataricum ssp. ginnala SR R12   C A B D
Norway maple Acer platanoides SR   B H B A B B C B
sycamore maple Acer pseudoplatanus   B
sneezewort yarrow Achillea ptarmica   A
Japanese chaff flower Achyranthes japonica Pt P   A H C C B
mother-of-thyme Acinos arvensis   C
Russian knapweed, hardheads Acroptilon repens / Centaurea repens / Centaurea picris / Rhaponticum repens Pr Pn P P N   C U
jointed goatgrass Aegilops cylindrica N  
Bishop’s goutweed Aegopodium podagraria R   A A
common horse-chestnut Aesculus hippocastanum   C
corncockle Agrostemma githago Rn Rn  
redtop Agrostis gigantea   A
tree of heaven Ailanthus altissima Pt E R R   A H A A B B A A B
creeping bugleweed Ajuga reptans   D
fiveleaf akebia, chocolate vine Akebia quinata P   C B
silk tree/mimosa Albezia julibrissen   M C B B
yellow witchweed Alectra vogelii   C
garlic mustard Alliaria petiolata Pt R R R   A H A A A A A A A A
wild onion11 Allium canadense11 Pn Rn Rn  
wild garlic Allium vineale Pn Rn Rn   C C
black alder Alnus glutinosa R R12   H B A A
European gray alder Alnus incana ssp. incana   W
carelessweed, Palmer amaranth11 Amaranthus palmeri11 Rn Pr E P   A
amaranth species Amaranthus spp. Rn  
tall waterhemp11 Amaranthus tuberculatus11 Rn P  
common ragweed11 Ambrosia artemisiifolia11 N N  
giant ragweed11 Ambrosia trifida11 N N  
porcelain berry Ampelopsis brevipedunculata R P   C C B B W
heartleaf peppervine Ampelopsis cordata   C
small bugloss Anchusa arvensis   B
wild chervil Anthriscus sylvestris P, R10 N   A
great burdock Arctium lappa   A
common burdock Arctium minus   A A B B A B
thymeleaf sandwort Arenaria serpyllifolia   C
Wormwood Artemisia absinthium R   A C
biennial wormwood Artemisia biennis   A
mugwort Artemisia vulgaris   H A W
small carpgrass Arthraxon hispidus Pt   H C B B
giant reed Arundo donax P   C C C
wild oat Avena fatua Rn  
mosquito fern Azolla pinnata Aq PAq P   C
yellow rocket Barbarea vulgaris Rn Rn   A B C C
forage kochia Bassia prostrata P   A
kochia Bassia scoparia, Kochia scoparia P   C
Japanese barberry Berberis thunbergii Pt R12 R12   C H A A A C A A B C
common barberry Berberis vulgaris R P C R P N   C A C
Hoary alyssum Berteroa incana Rn   A INR C
European birch Betula pendula   A
caucasian bluestem Bothriochloa bladhii   C B
yellow bluestem Bothriochloa ischaemum   C C
wild mustard Brassica arvensis / Sinapis arvensis Rn S   A
Indian mustard Brassica juncea Rn  
black mustard Brassica nigra Rn  
field brome Bromus arvensis   A A
smooth brome Bromus inermis   A A A A INR B D
Japanese brome Bromus japonicus   C
bald brome Bromus racemosus   C C
rye brome Bromus secalinus   C A
poverty brome Bromus sterilis   A
cheatgrass Bromus tectorum   B A A A C
paper mulberry Broussonetia papyrifera   A
corn gromwell Buglossoides arvensis   C
hill mustard Bunias orientalis P, R10   C
flowering rush Butomus umbellatus Aq PAq Aq R PAq R R   H B A A A
fanwort Cabomba caroliniana P RAq P   C C W
European water-starwort, pond water-starwort Callitriche stagnalis   C
hedge bindweed Calystegia sepium Pn P  
bristly bellflower Campanula cervicaria   A
creeping bellflower Campanula rapunculoides R   A A D
hemp, marijuana Cannabis sativa N R N   A
Siberian peashrub Caragana arborescens R R12   A
Russian peashrub Caragana frutex   B
hairy bittercress Cardamine hirsuta   C INR
narrowleaf bittercress Cardamine impatiens C P   M C A
hoary cress, perennial peppergrass Cardaria draba / Lepidium draba Pr Pn P   B
balloonvine Cardiospermum halicacabum Pn  
plumeless thistle Carduus acanthoides Pt Pn C R   H C A
musk thistle Carduus nutans N Pt Pn A P R   A H A B A A A C
thistle Carduus spp. Pr  
Asiatic sand sedge Carex kobomugi   W C
common caraway Carum carvi   A
Chinese chestnut Castanea mollissima   C
caulerpa or Mediterranean killer algae Caulerpa taxifolia Aq PAq   C
round leaf/Asian/Oriental bittersweet Celastrus orbiculatus E Pt E R R   A H A A A A A A A B
Asian loeseneri bittersweet Celastrus rosthornianus var. loeseneri P   U
black fountain grass Cenchrus purpurascens   D
spotted knapweed Centaurea biebersteinii, Centaurea maculosa or Centaurea stoebe Pt Pn C N R R N   B H A A A B A A B C
diffuse knapweed, spreading starthistle Centaurea diffusa E P N   B B
brown knapweed Centaurea jacea E R N   A
black knapweed Centaurea nigra R N   U
tyrol knapweed Centaurea nigrescens R   B
yellow star thistle Centaurea solstitialis E P   A C C
knapweed Centaurea spp. (L.)   A
meadow knapweed Centaurea x moncktonii E   A
celandine Chelidonium majus R   A
lamb's quarters Chenopodium album   C
Mexican tea Chenopodium ambrosioides / Dysphania ambrosioides   C
crossflower, blue mustard Chorispora tenella   B
chicory Cichorium intybus   C A C
tall thistle Cirsium altissimum Pr  
Canada thistle Cirsium arvense N Pn Pr Pn C N P N,R Pn N   A H A A A A A A B A
bull thistle Cirsium lanceolatum Pr Pr  
European marsh thistle Cirsium palustre P, R10   B B
thistle Cirsium spp. Pr  
bull thistle Cirsium vulgare Pt Pn N   C H A A A B
sweet autumn virginsbower Clematis terniflora   B H B B
dayflower Commelina communis   C
poison hemlock Conium maculatum E Pn, Pt S E P P, R10 N   B H A A A A
lily of the valley Convallaria majalis   C A INR C
field bindweed Convolvulus arvensis Pn, Pt Pr Pn N P N   H A B B INR C C
marestail11 Conyza canadensis11 / Erigeron canadensis11 Pn P  
hedge Cotoneaster Cotoneaster lucidus   A
Australian swamp crop Crassula helmsii PAq P   C
single-seed hawthorn Crataegus monogyna   C
hawksbeard Crepis tectorum   A A
foothill bedstraw Cruciata pedemontana   C
common crupina Crupina vulgaris N  
dodder Cuscuta spp. Rn Pn Rn N  
cylindro Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii P  
black swallow-wort Cynanchum louiseae / Vincetoxium nigrum Pt E R P, R10 N, R   H B B A A
pale swallow-wort Cynanchum rossicum / Vincetoxicum rossicum Pt P N, R   H B C A
Houndstongue Cynoglossum officinale R   A
yellow nutsedge Cyperus esculentus Pn   A
purple nutsedge Cyperus rotundus   B
Scotch broom Cytisus scoparius P   C
orchardgrass Dactylis glomerata   C
February daphne Daphne mezereum   W
jimsonweed Datura stramonium Rn  
Wild carrot, Queen Anne's lace Daucus carota S Rn R   C M A A INR B
Deptford pink Dianthus armeria   C
Grecian foxglove Digitalis lanata (Ehrh.) E P   A
foxglove Digitalis purpurea   B
Chinese yam Dioscorea polystachya / Dioscorea batatas Pt P   A H W C B A A
common teasel Dipsacus fullonum / Dipsacus sylvestris Pt E N R R   A H A A A A A B C
cutleaf teasel Dipsacus laciniatus Pt E N R R   A H A A A A A
teasel Dipsacus spp. E S   A
Indian strawberry Duchesnea indica/Potentilla indica   B C
barnyard grass Echinochloa crus-galli   A C
great globe thistle Echinops sphaerocephalus   C
common viper's bugloss Echium vulgare   C
Brazilian waterweed Egeria densa Aq PAq P RAq R P P   C H W B W
anchored water hyacinth Eichhornia azurea Aq PAq P   H C
common water hyacinth Eichhornia crassipes PAq P   C,W B
Russian olive Elaeagnus angustifolia E R R   A M A B A C A A C
thorny olive Elaeagnus pungens E   A
autumn olive Elaeagnus umbellata E14 Pt R R R   A H A A A A A A A A
goosegrass Eleusine indica   B
quackgrass Elytrigia repens/ Elymus repens/ Agropyron repens Pn Pr Pn Pn   A INR C
hairy willow herb Epilobium hirsutum R P, R10   B C A
helleborine orchid Epipactis helleborine R   B A
lovegrass Eragrostis cilianensis   C
woolly cupgrass Eriochloa villosa N  
burning bush Euonymus alatus SR R12   A H A A B A C
spindle tree Euonymus europaeus   C
wintercreeper Euonymus fortunei Pt   A H C A A C A
Cypress spurge Euphorbia cyparissias R N   B A A C
leafy spurge Euphorbia esula Pt Pr Pn C P N,R N   A H A A A C A D
black bindweed, wild buckwheat Fallopia convolvulus / Polygonum convolvulus   A
meadow fescue Festuca pratensis / Schenodorus pratensis   B A
Queen of the meadow Filipendula ulmaria R   A
glossy buckthorn Frangula alnus / Rhamnus frangula E Pt R R R12   A H A A A A A
European ash Fraxinus excelsior   W
goatsrue Galega officinalis   M C
hemp nettle Galeopsis tetrahit R   A A
White bedstraw Galium mollugo R N   A B
sweet woodruff, sweet-scented bedstraw Galium odoratum   B
yellow bedstraw Galium verum   B C C
Creeping Charlie, ground ivy Glechoma hederacea   C M A A C B D
Mudmat Glossostigma cleistanthum P   C
tall or reed mannagrass Glyceria maxima P, R10   C A
showy baby's breath Gypsophila elegans   B
common baby’s breath Gypsophila paniculata   B A C
garden baby's-breath Gypsophila scorzonerifolia  
English ivy Hedera helix   A M C B C B C
wild sunflower11 Helianthus annus11 S  
orange day-lily, tawny day-lily Hemerocallis fulva   C C A A B C C D
giant hogweed Heracleum mantegazzianum E P, N E P, R P N   M A C C C
dame's rocket Hesperis matronalis Pt R R   A H A A A B A A A
orange hawkweed Hieracium aurantiacum   A INR C
yellow hawkweed Hieracium caespitosum   B A C
common hawkweed Hieracium lachenalii, Hieracium vulgatum   B C
king-devil hawkweed Hieracium piloselloides   A
yellow devil hawkweed Hieracium x floribundum   B C
velvetgrass Holcus lanatus   C
Japanese hops Humulus japonicus Pt E P, R10   H C A A C
common hop Humulus lupulus   W
hydrilla Hydrilla verticillata Aq PAq P PAq R P P   H W C W
European frogbit Hydrocharis morsus-ranae Aq PAq P PAq R P   H C,W C A
Floating marsh pennywort Hydrocotyle ranunculoides P  
Indian swampweed, miramar weed Hygrophilia polysperma Aq PAq PAq P   H C
St. John's wort Hypericum perforatum   C L A A A INR C D
Balfour’s touch-me-not Impatiens balfourii R   B
Indian balsam Impatiens glandulifera P   C,W B A
cogongrass Imperata cylindrica   C
British yellowhead Inula britannica   B
elecampane Inula helenium   A D
Chinese water spinach, swamp morning glory Ipomoea aquatica Aq PAq RAq P   H C
ivy-leafed morning glory Ipomoea hederacea   B
tall morning glory Ipomoea purpurea Pn   B A B
morning glory Ipomoea spp. Pn  
multi-colored morning glory, Mexican morning glory Ipomoea tricolor Pn   B
purple moonflower Ipomoea turbinata Pn  
blackberry lily Iris domestica / Belamcanda chinensis   B B C
yellow iris Iris pseudacorus Aq PAq RAq R   H C A C A D
dyer's woad Isatis tinctoria   W
tansy ragwort Jacobaea vulgaris, Senecio jacobaea N   D
field scabiosa Knautia arvensis R   B
golden rain tree Koelreuteria paniculata   C C
Korean clover Kummerowia stipulacea   C M C A B
Japanese clover Kummerowia striata   C M A B
willowleaf lettuce Lactuca salinga   C
oxygen−weed, African elodea or African waterweed Lagarosiphon major Aq PAq P PAq P   C
henbit Lamium amplexicaule   C
dotted duckweed Landoltia punctata   C C
nipplewort Lapsana communis   W
everlasting peavine Lathyrus latifolius   B
motherwort Leonurus cardiaca   A A C
hairy whitetop Lepidium appelianum P  
field pepperweed Lepidium campestre Rn  
pepperweed Lepidium latifolium Pt P   H C C
bicolor lespedeza Lespedeza bicolor   C M C C B
sericea lespedeza Lespedeza cuneata Pt P   C H A B C A A
bush clover Lespedeza thunbergii   C C
giant daisy Leucanthemella serotina   A
Portuguese daisy Leucanthemum lacustre   C
oxeye daisy Leucanthemum vulgare / Chrysanthemum leucanthemum Rn Rn   C A B
lyme grass or sand ryegrass Leymus arenarius / Elymus arenarius P, R10   C A
Amur privet Ligustrum amurense   C C C
Japanese privet Ligustrum japonica   A C
blunt leaved privet, border privet Ligustrum obtusifolium Pt   A H A B C B
California privet Ligustrum ovalifolium   C C
Chinese privet Ligustrum sinense   C A C C A
common privet Ligustrum vulgare   C C A B C B C A D
American frogbit/Sponge plant11 Limnobium spongia11   C
Asian marshweed Limnophila sessiliflora Aq PAq P   H
Dalmation toadflax Linaria dalmatica E P, R10   A
butter and eggs, common toadflax Linaria vulgaris   A INR D
annual ryegrass Lolium multiflorum   C
perennial ryegrass Lolium perenne   D
fragrant honeysuckle Lonicera fragrantissima E   A C A
Japanese honeysuckle Lonicera japonica E Pt E R P   A H A C A A A A
Amur honeysuckle Lonicera maackii E Pt R R P, R10   A H A A B A A A A A
Morrow's honeysuckle Lonicera morrowii E Pt R R R   A H A A A A A A A
Manchurian honeysuckle Lonicera ruprechtiana   A C
trumpet honeysuckle 11 Lonicera sempervirens 11   A
Standish’s honeysuckle Lonicera standishii   A A C
Tatarian honeysuckle, Amur honeysuckle Lonicera tatarica E Pt R R R   A H A A A A A A A
Bell's honeysuckle, Amur honeysuckle Lonicera x bella Pt R R   A H A C A A
goldflame hoenysuckle Lonicera x heckrottii   A C
honeysuckle Lonicera x minutiflora   A C
honeysuckle Lonicera x notha   A
fly honeysuckle Lonicera x xylosteoides   A
European fly honeysuckle, dwarf honeysuckle Lonicera xylosteum   A A A B A
bird's-foot trefoil Lotus corniculatus   B A A INR B
big-leaf lupine11 Lupinus polyphyllus11   A C
European bugleweed Lycopus europaeus   C
moneywort Lysimachia nummularia R   B H C A B A B
golden loosestrife Lysimachia vulgaris R   A B
purple loosestrife Lythrum salicaria E R Aq R PAq, C N P, R R   A H A A A A A A A A
purple loosestrife Lythrum spp. R  
purple loosestrife Lythrum virgatum R PAq, C R P   D
osage-orange Maclura pomifera   C C
musk mallow Malva moschata   D
European water-clover Marsilea quadrifolia   C,W C C
black medic Medicago lupulina   A C D
alfalfa Medicago sativa ssp. sativa   D
white sweet clover Melilotus alba   A M A A A A INR A B
yellow sweet clover Melilotus officinalis   A M C A A A INR A B
spearmint Mentha spicata   C B
peppermint Mentha x piperita   C B B D
Japanese stiltgrass Microstegium vimineum Pt R P   A H C,W C B A A
throughwort pennycress Microthlaspi perfoliatum   C
Amur silver grass Miscanthus sacchariflorus   A
Chinese maiden grass, Chinese silvergrass Miscanthus sinensis   B H B C A INR A C
miscanthus hybrid Miscanthus x gigantea   C B D
monochoria, arrowleaf, or false pickerelweed Monochoria hastata Aq PAq   C
heartshape or false pickerelweed Monochoria vaginalis Aq PAq   C
white mulberry Morus alba Pt R12   A H A A A B B A B A
miniature beefsteak Mosla dianthera   B
field forget-me-not Myosotis arvensis   B
forget me not Myosotis scorpioides R   A A D
Aquatic forget-me-not Myosotis sylvatica R   A
parrot feather Myriophyllum aquaticum Aq PAq P RAq R P P   H W B
variable-leaf watermilfoil Myriophyllum heterophyllum   A A
Eurasian watermilfoil Myriophyllum spicatum Aq PAq Aq R PAq R R   A H A C A A A
Spiny naiad Najas marina R  
brittle naiad Najas minor Aq PAq Aq PAq P   C H C A B W
heavenly bamboo Nandina domestica   C C
serrated tussock Nassella trichotoma Pn P N  
watercress Nasturtium officinale / Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum   B A A C B
Sacred lotus Nelumbo nucifera P   C
catnip Nepeta cataria   C D
Apple of Peru Nicandra physalodes P   B
starry stonewort Nitellopsis obtusa P PAq P   B A
nonnative waterlilies Nymphaea spp. RAq   B
yellow floating hearts Nymphoides peltata Aq PAq P R P   H W C A
Java waterdropwort Oenanthe javanica P   C
Scotch thistle Onopordum acanthium N   B
Wavy leaf basket grass Oplismenus hirtellus ssp. undulatifolius P  
wild marjoram, oregano Origanum vulgare   D
star-of-Bethlehem Ornithogalum umbellatum   C B B C B
duck lettuce Ottelia alismoides Aq PAq P   H
Japanese spurge Pachysandra terminalis  
butterweed, cressleaf groundsel11 Packera glabella / Senecio glabellus11 P   C
wild parsnip Pastinaca sativa C12 P R N   B H A A A A A A C
princess tree Paulownia tomentosa P   M B C B A
perilla mint, beefsteak plant Perilla frutescens   M B
Butterfly dock Petasites hybridus P   B
variegated ribbon grass Phalaris arundinacea var. picta R12   B
reed canary grass11 Phalaris arundinacea11 Pt   A H A A A A A INR W
canary grass Phalaris canariensis   B
Amur cork tree Phellodendron amurense Pt P12   H C A C A
common timothy Phleum pratense   A
common reed Phragmites australis ssp australis R C R P, R10 R   A H A A B A A A A
yellow groove bamboo Phyllostachys aureasulcata P14   C
mouse-ear hawkweed Pilosella officinarum / Hieracium pilosella   B
Burnet saxifrage Pimpinella saxifraga R   A
Austrian pine Pinus nigra   C B
scotch pine Pinus sylvestris   B A INR B
water lettuce Pistia stratiotes P   C,W B
buckthorn plantain Plantago lanceolata Rn S Rn Rn   A
annual bluegrass Poa annua Rn   C
Canada bluegrass Poa compressa   A A C
Kentucky bluegrass Poa pratensis   A A A B B
Oriental lady’s thumb, tufted knotweed Polygonum caespitosum/Polygonum posumbu   C B B
Japanese knotweed Polygonum cuspidatum/Fallopia japonica E Pt P C P R R   A H A A A B A A A B
mile−a−minute vine Polygonum perfoliatum/Persicaria perfoliata Pt P P   H W C D B
lady's thumb Polygonum persicaria/Persicaria maculosa   B
giant knotweed Polygonum sachalinense/Fallopia schalinensis/Reynoutria sachalinensis E Pt C P   C B A
Bohemian knotweed Polygonum x bohemicum/Fallopia x bohemica E Pt C P   A A
white poplar Populus alba R   C B B B A B B
Lombardy poplar Populus nigra var. italica   C B
European aspen Populus tremula   W
Carolina poplar, hybrid black poplar Populus x canadensis   D
curly-leaved pondweed Potamogeton crispus Aq PAq Aq R PAq R R   B H A A B A A A
silver cinquefoil Potentilla argentea   A
sulfur cinquefoil Potentilla recta   A C
bird cherry, sweet cherry Prunus avium   W
Mahaleb cherry Prunus mahaleb   C W
kudzu Pueraria montana var. lobata E, N R N P, R P N   A H A C,W C B A A
callery pear Pyrus calleryana R13   A H B A A INR A
pear species Pyrus spp.   B
sawtooth oak Quercus acutissima P   C C
tall buttercup Ranunculus acris   A
bulbous buttercup Ranunculus bulbosus   C
lesser celandine , fig buttercup Ranunculus ficaria/Ficaria verna E R P   H C B D A
creeping buttercup Ranunculus repens   C
buckthorn Rhamnus arguta E   C
common buckthorn Rhamnus cathartica E R R R N   A H A A A C A A A
Dahurian buckthorn Rhamnus davurica E   A B D
Japanese buckthorn Rhamnus japonica E   A C
buckthorn Rhamnus spp. (excluding Frangula alnus) Pr  
Chinese buckthorn Rhamnus utilis E   A C
jetbead Rhodotypos scandens   C M C C
Bristly locust11 Robinia hispida11 R12   C B
black locust11 Robinia pseudoacacia11 R R12   A A A A B
clammy locust11 Robinia viscosa11   C
marsh cress Rorippa amphibia   C
dog rose Rosa canina   B B
multiflora rose Rosa multiflora E R S R N R R   A H A A A A A A A A
seaside rose Rosa rugosa   B
Himalayan blackberry Rubus armeniacus P   C B
Japanese raspberry, Australian raspberry Rubus parvifolius   B
wineberry, wine raspberry Rubus phoenicolasius P   C C B
sheep sorrel, red sorrel Rumex acetosella S Rn   A A C D
smooth dock Rumex altissimus S  
sour dock Rumex crispus Rn S Rn   A
ravennagrass Saccharum ravennae / Tripidium ravennae   M C B
arrowhead Sagittaria sagittifolia Aq PAq P   C
white willow Salix alba   B C
goat willow Salix caprea   D
crack willow Salix fragilis   B C
purple willow Salix purpurea   D
hybrid crack willow Salix x rubens   B C
Russian thistle Salsola kali var. tenuifolia P   C
Russian thistle Salsola tragus   A
giant salvinia Salvinia auriculata, Salvinia biloba, Salvinia herzogii Aq PAq P P   C
aquarium watermoss or giant salvinia Salvinia molesta Aq PAq P PAq P   C
bouncing bet, soapwort Saponaria officinalis   M A A A A C
tall fescue Schenodorus arundinacea / Festuca arundinacea   B M A A A A C
Siberian squill Scilla siberica   B
crownvetch Securigera varia / Coronilla varia Pt R R   A H A A A A A A A
mossy stonecrop Sedum acre   B
coffeeweed Sesbania herbacea  
giant foxtail Setaria faberi Rn Rn Rn   C A B
foxtail millet Setaria italica   C A
foxtail species Setaria spp.   D
bristly foxtail Setaria verticillata   C A
green foxtail Setaria viridis   C B
bur cucumber11 Sicyos angulatus11 Pn  
white campion Silene latifolia   A
bladder campion Silene vulgaris   A A
blessed milkthistle Silybum marianum / Carduus marianus   C
horsenettle11 Solanum carolinense11 Rn Pr Pn   A
climbing nightshade, bittersweet nightshade Solanum dulcamara Rn   B A A A C C
silverleaf nightshade11 Solanum elaeagnifolium11 Rn  
black nightshade Solanum nigrum Rn  
hairy nightshade Solanum physalifolium / Solanum sarrachoides Rn  
eastern black nightshade11 Solanum ptychanthum11 Rn Rn  
Seaside goldenrod11 Solidago sempervirens11 P, R10   C
perennial sow thistle Sonchus arvensis N Pn Pr Pn P N   A
annual sow thistle Sonchus oleraceus N  
false spiraea Sorbaria sorbifolia   A C
European mountain ash, rowan Sorbus aucuparia   A D
shatter cane Sorghum bicolor Pn S P   B
Johnson grass Sorghum halepense N Pn Pn N P P Pn   A H C A A
sorghum almum Sorghum x almum N Pn Pn P Pn   C
Exotic bur-reed Sparganium erectum Aq PAq   C
Japanese meadowsweet Spiraea japonica   M B B
common chickweed Stellaria media   A A A
water aloes or water soldiers Stratiotes aloides Aq PAq P P   W C
western snowberry Symphoricarpos albus var. laevigatus   D
common lilac Syringa vulgaris   B
medusahead Taeniatherum caput-medusae P   C
salt cedar Tamarix spp. E Aq   A B
common tansy Tanacetum vulgare C R12   A A A C
dandelion Taraxacum officinale   A
field pennycress Thlaspi arvense Rn  
creeping thyme, mother-of-thyme Thymus praecox   C
European linden Tilia x europaea   W
Spreading hedgeparsley Torilis arvensis P   C H C
Japanese hedgeparsley or erect hedgeparsley Torilis japonica P, R10   H A A
poison ivy11 Toxicodendron radicans / Rhus toxicodendron11 SR N  
western salsify Tragopogon dubius   C A
meadow salsify Tragopogon lamottei / Tragopogon pratensis   A
water chestnut Trapa natans Aq PAq P PAq R P P   H W C W
puncturevine Tribulus terrestris S Pn   C B
rabbit-foot clover Trifolium arvense   D
alsike clover Trifolium hybridum   A
red clover Trifolium pratense   A A D
white clover Trifolium repens   A A D
Colt’s foot Tussilago farfara P N   B D
narrow-leaved cattail Typha angustifolia PAq R R   H A A A A
southern cattail11 Typha domingensis11 P   C
graceful cattail Typha laxmannii P   C
cattail species Typha spp.   W
hybrid cattail Typha x glauca R R   C A A A A
Scotch elm Ulmus glabra   D
Chinese elm Ulmus parvifolia   A C C
Siberian elm Ulmus pumila R12   A M A A A A A B
European stinging nettle Urtica dioica ssp. dioica   C
garden heliotrope Valeriana officinalis R   A
common mullein Verbascum thapsus   B B A
European brooklime Veronica beccabunga var. beccabunga   B C
wayfaring tree Viburnum lantana   B
European cranberry-bush Viburnum opulus var. opulus   H B A INR D
vetch Vicia cracca   M A B
common vetch Vicia sativa   C A C
slender vetch Vicia tetrasperma   C
hairy vetch, cow vetch Vicia villosa   A A B
large-leaved periwinkle Vinca major   C CB
periwinkle Vinca minor   M B C B B
English violet Viola odorata   W
grapevines11 Vitis sp.11 P14  
Japanese wisteria Wisteria floribunda P   C C C
Chinese wisteria Wisteria sinensis P   C M C C
cocklebur11 Xanthium strumarium11 Rn S Rn  

1 Illinois list developed in 2004, modified in 2011 via IL DNR contractor (informal assessment)
2 Indiana list is based on formal assessments by the Indiana Invasive Species Council's Plant Advisory Committee, updated in 2020
3 Minnesota list derived from presence/absence data published by the Minnesota Invasive Species Advisory Council in 2019 - full MISAC analysis considers several other factors
4 Missouri list derived from distribution and population data published by the Missouri Invasive Plant Council in 2019 - MOIP also published limited impact data
5 Ohio list based on formal assessments by the Ohio Invasive Plants Council, updated in 2022
6 Ontario list developed in 2002 by Urban Forest Associates, Inc. (informal assessment)
7 This Wisconsin list developed in 2003 by the Invasive Plants Association of Wisconsin (informal assessment)
10 Regulatory status varies by county - see regulations for details
11 Species is native to North America (though not necessarily the Midwest - see www.bonap.net for nativity info)
12 Certain cultivated varieties excluded - see regulations for details
14 Certain uses or growing conditions excluded - see regulations for details